Muscle cramps, often called charley horses, are sudden, painful contractions of a muscle. While usually not serious, these spasms can cause significant discomfort and temporarily limit movement. In some cases, frequent or severe muscle cramps may indicate an underlying medical issue. Cramps can occur in any muscle but are most common in the legs, affecting the calf, hamstring, or quadriceps.

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Causes of Muscle Cramps

Muscle cramps can result from a variety of factors and are more common in individuals who are pregnant, elderly, overweight, or have certain medical conditions such as diabetes, thyroid, nerve, or liver disorders. Common causes include:

  • Dehydration
  • Muscle weakness or loss
  • Medications, such as diuretics
  • Electrolyte imbalances
  • Poor circulation
  • Nerve compression
  • Metabolic disorders causing muscle breakdown (rhabdomyolysis)

Athletes who overexert themselves, particularly in warm weather or without proper stretching, are at increased risk. Older adults are more prone due to decreased muscle mass and higher risk of dehydration.

Treatment of Muscle Cramps

For most people, home remedies are enough to relieve cramps and discomfort. Effective strategies include:

  • Applying heat or taking a warm shower
  • Gently massaging the affected muscle
  • Performing light stretching

Muscle cramps usually resolve within a few hours to a few days. Medical attention is recommended if:

  • Pain persists despite home treatment
  • The affected area shows skin changes or swelling
  • Muscle weakness continues
  • Cramps happen repeatedly or for no known reason

While most muscle cramps are short-lived and minor, frequent or severe cramps may indicate a more serious condition, so consulting a physician is important if symptoms are unusual or persistent.

Additional Resources

At Michigan Integrative Health, we help identify the underlying causes of chronic muscle cramps. Our exam and evaluation determine if you are a candidate for care, and we provide drug-free, non-surgical treatments designed to reduce or eliminate your discomfort and improve muscle function.