A herniated disc (also called a ruptured or slipped disc) occurs when the cushion between two vertebrae in the spine is damaged. Normally, these gelatinous discs hold the vertebrae in place and act as shock absorbers, allowing the spine to bend and twist smoothly. When the tough outer layer of a disc cracks and the inner material protrudes, the disc is considered herniated.

When the disc material presses on a spinal nerve, it can cause back pain, and if the pain radiates to the buttocks and down the leg, it is referred to as sciatic pain. Herniated discs are most common in the lumbar (lower) spine, but cervical (neck) discs can also herniate, causing pain in the neck and shoulders.

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Causes of a Herniated Disc

Discs naturally lose flexibility and wear down with age. Additional factors that increase the risk of herniation include:

  • Obesity
  • Smoking
  • Heavy lifting or repetitive strain
  • Sudden traumatic injuries

Symptoms of a Herniated Disc

Symptoms may include:

  • Localized back or neck pain
  • Pain radiating to the buttocks, legs, or arms
  • Numbness or tingling
  • Muscle weakness or spasms
  • Pain worsened by movement and improved by rest
  • Sharp, shooting pain triggered by sudden motions like bending or coughing

Diagnosis of a Herniated Disc

Diagnosis involves a medical history review and a physical examination that evaluates reflexes, sensation, posture, and muscle strength while the patient is sitting, standing, and walking.

Imaging tests are often used to confirm the diagnosis and determine the location and size of the herniation:

  • X-rays
  • MRI or CT scans
  • Electromyograms (EMG) to measure nerve impulses
  • Myelograms, which use contrast dye to highlight affected areas

Treatment of a Herniated Disc

At Michigan Integrative Health, we treat many patients with bulging and herniated discs, including those previously told that surgery was their only option. Our thorough exam and evaluation determine whether you are a candidate for care and identify non-surgical, drug-free treatments to relieve pain, restore function, and potentially reduce or eliminate the need for surgery.